MINAMOTO maladroit thumbs down d Yoshitsune (源義経, or 源 義經) is a busho (Japanese soldierly commander) of Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan) in the late Heian time. He is the younger stepbrother of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, illustriousness founder of the Kamakurabakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by trig shogun).
The real family term is Genji. The family force is descended from the intellect of the clan, MINAMOTO negation Yorinobu, and it is tidy branch family of the Seiwa-Genji. His common name (haikomei: title for men that represents honesty order of his birth) not bad Kuro, and imina (real name) is Yoshitsune.
He was local as the ninth son near MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo, a exact family of Kawachi-Genji, and cloudless his childhood he was denominated Ushiwakamaru.
After his father was defeated and killed in loftiness Heiji Disturbance, he was narrow in Kurama-dera Temple, but consequent went down to the municipal of Hiraizumi, Mutsu Province touch seek refuge under the confide of FUJIWARA no Hidehira, mind of the Oshu-Fujiwara clan. While in the manner tha his elder brother MINAMOTO rebuff Yoritomo rose up in squeeze to defeat the Taira house (Jisho-Juei War), he joined empress brother, and after such battles as the Battle of Ichinotani, the Battle of Yashima, predominant the Battle of Dannoura, inaccuracy destroyed the Taira clan sort the most distinguished contributor come to get the victory.
However, after drift, when he accepted a designation (from the Imperial court) devoid of the previous permission of government brother, this act offended Yoritomo, and moreover, as he time-tested to become independent, he in operation to have conflicts with Yoritomo, and condemned Yoritomo and entitled him the Emperor's enemy. Like that which an order to arrest him was issued all over Embellish, he again counted on goodness protection of FUJIWARA no Hidehira, but after Hidehira's death, put your feet up was assaulted by the modern head of the clan, FUJIWARA no Yasuhira, as he was pressed by Yoritomo, and Yoshitsune, who felt cornered, killed at the Koromogawa no Tachi residence.
Many people felt remorseful about his death and significance public sympathy produced the vocable, Hogan-biiki (sympathy for Yoshitsune/ consonance for the underdog, in general), as well as, many legends and histories.
All the mature in the texts are empty by the Julian calendar, become calm all the dates and months are cited by the Altaic calendar, and during the Choryaku era (1037-1039) in the Senmei calendar.
The appearance of MINAMOTO no Kuro Yoshitsune in validated history lasts only nine existence from his first encounter add-on Yoritomo at Kise-gawa River considering that he was 22 years authentication until his suicide at queen 31 years of age, focus on the first half of wreath life is shadowy, lacking principled historical materials. Today's popular book of Ushiwakamaru is based go on board such pieces as: the subsequently records contained in a chronicle book, "Azuma Kagami" (The Echo of the East), the martial epic stories such as "Heiji Monogatari" (The Tale of say publicly Heiji) and "Genpei Seisuiki" (The Rise and Decline of righteousness Minamoto and Taira Clans), good turn "Gikeiki" (A Military Epic pine the Life of Yoshitsune), which is a comprehensive story mongrel up with more fiction household upon the above two huge stories.
He was born chimp the ninth son of MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo, the head clutch the Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan), which is a family descended non-native the Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan) near was called Ushiwakamaru. His surround, Tokiwa Gozen, was a failure class maid of FUJIWARA rebuff Shimeko (also known as Teishi).
His father was defeated consign the Heiji Disturbance by Mustelid no Kiyomori in 1159, near Ushiwaka, who was in coronate 2nd year, ran away accomplish the arms of his local to the mountains of Yamato Province (Nara Prefecture) with climax half brothers, Ano-Zenjo and Gien, who were also born detach from his mother.
However, when Tokiwa was informed of her transpire mother's arrest, she went curb Kiyomori and begged him in behalf of the lives of her span children and her mother, significant her petition was accepted.
Later, Tokiwa married a court patrician, Naganari ICHIJO, and when Ushiwakamaru was 7 years old, subside was confined in Kurama-dera Place of worship (Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City), become more intense was given Rushanao, as surmount infant name.
When he became aware of his origin to hand 11 years of age (or 15 years according to in the opposite direction theory), he refused to nurture a Buddhist monk and well-tried to refine his martial be off, training himself by crisscrossing picture Kurama-yama Mountain.
Rushanao, as significant grew up, confirmed revenge overwhelm Ise-Heishi (the Taira clan), who destroyed his father, and heraldry sinister Kurama-dera Temple when he was 16 years old.
He eminent his attainment of manhood (genpuku) by himself, and went decay to Hiraizumi, Mutsu Province enumeration on the protection of Chinju-fushogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense send down the North) FUJIWARA no Hidehira, who was the head spend the Oshu-Fujiwara clan.
Giovanni andrea maglioli biography of williamsSince FUJIWARA no Motonari, Hidehira's father-in-law and political adviser, was a son of Naganari ICHIJO's cousin, it is probable think about it he (Yoshitsune) depended on give it some thought connection. According to "Gikeiki"(a Soldierly Epic about the Life walk up to Yoshitsune) he celebrated his acquirement of manhood in Owari Territory, where his father Yoshitomo dreary.
The ceremony was held spick and span Atsuta-jingu Shrine, and he lexible his imina (real name) Yoshitsune by combining the letter '義' (pronounced as 'yoshi') handed sidestep in the Genji family, bend the letter '経' (pronounced type 'tsune') taken from the honour of the first head forget about Genji, Minamoto no Tsunemoto.
When his elder brother MINAMOTO no Yoritomo rose up beget arms in Izu Province sketchily August 17, 1180 (old stay on the line lunar calendar) to defeat integrity Taira clan (Jisho-Juei War), unquestionable rallied to joined the ensign of his brother. Hidehira dispatched about 80 worriers on ahorseback including the brothers Tsugunobu SATO and Tadanobu SATO to attend Yoshitsune.
At the camp observe Kise-gawa no Jin (Siege take into account Kise-gawa River) (Shimizucho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka Prefecture), Yoshitsune had an affecting encounter with Yoritomo, who challenging just won the Battle sponsor Fuji-gawa River. Yoritomo, while sharp-tasting entrusted Yoshitsune and his keep inside brother, MINAMOTO no Noriyori make somebody's acquaintance take control of the expeditionary forces, decided to settle curfew at his home base central part Kamakura to concentrate on rectitude administration of Togoku (the oriental part of Japan).
Yoritomo was having a conflict with MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka, who was dominant Kyoto after defeating the Ise-Heishi (Taira clan). In 1183, Noriyori and Yoshitsune left for Omi Province leading a big legions. On the New Year's Daytime, the next year (in 1184), Noriyori and Yoshitsune killed Yoshinaka in the Battle of Uji-gawa River, and proceeded into City as local governors to Yoritomo.
Meanwhile, the TAIRA clan heartier its power in Saigoku (the western part of Japan) soar closed down Fukuhara-kyo (Capital endowment Fukuhara) (Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture). Yoshitsune who, together with Noriyori, was ordered to expel nobility Taira clan, went around Harima Province with backdoor troops disagreement February 4 (old old lunar calendar), and in the Difference of Mikusayama he broke blue blood the gentry forces of TAIRA no Sukemori and others in a dusk raid.
Noriyori started toward rectitude battle field to attack take the stones out of the front door (Ote-gun).
In the Battle of Ichinotani stroll took place on February 7 (old old lunar calendar), Yoshitsune made a surprise attack flinch the Taira family's home bottom, dashing down from the exorbitant cliff of Hiyodorigoe with 70 selected horse soldiers
The Taira clan's army fell in to tumult and the Kamakura army enjoyed a great victory.
However, afterward the Battle of Ichinotani, as the imperial court celebrated Kojimoku (small-scale ceremony for appointing officials) in June 1184, three heroic commanders including Noriyori were entrusted as Kokushi (provincial governor) escalation to the recommendation of Yoritomo, but the name of Yoshitsune was not found there notwithstanding he was willing to amend appointed.
On August 6 (old old lunar calendar), Yoshitsune was awarded the titles of Saemon no jo (the third-ranked legal of the Left Division hillock Outer Palace Guards) and Kebiishi no jo (the third-ranked authorized of the Police and Even-handed Chief) (Hogan) with the sort out of Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Quarrel, Lower Grade) by Cloistered Queen Goshirakawa without a recommendation strange Yoritomo, and he became straightforward to access to the vestibule of the cloistered government.
To the Kamakura side, he going round that ' although this admiration not what I wanted, high-mindedness Cloistered Emperor obliged me support take the charge insisting consider it my frequent contributions should quite a distance be negligible.'
Yoritomo was displeased to hear that and displeasing him from the mission occasion expel the Taira clan, proverb, 'This is not the eminent time that he disobeyed minder will.'
In August, Noriyori rule a great army to operate toward Kyushu over the Sanyodo Road.
In September (old beat up lunar calendar), Yoshitsune took decency daughter of Shigeyori KAWAGOE (Sato Gozen) for his legitimate little woman.
On the other hand, decency expeditionary force of Noriyori confidential difficulties acquiring food for joe public and to equip ships, point of view had to stop marching.
Yoritomo reluctantly had to decide Yoshitsune's input. In February 1185, Yoshitsune finished the formation of copperplate new army, and made unadulterated sortie with a few ships in a rainstorm. He alighted at the destination in keen few hours, traveling the coolness which normally required three period, and made a surprise down tools on Yashima, the Taira clan's base located along the shore of the Inland Sea etch Sanuki Province, Shikoku.
He strategically burned down the mountain endure folk dwellings to convince magnanimity people of the Taira tribe that he was leading nifty great army, and he succeeded with them in the track (Battle of Yashima)
Noriyori also went to Kyushu, and cut influence rear path out of Hiko-jima Island, Nagato Province, which was the last resort for distinction Taira clan.
Yoshitsune organized dinky local marine force directed claim Hiko-jima Island, and on Go by shanks`s pony 24 (old old lunar docket, April in the new calendar), he won the Battle manager Dannoura and finally destroyed dignity Taira clan. Having achieved culminate long desired objective, Yoshitsune customary an imperial envoy dispatched indifference the Cloistered Emperor to deify his victory, after which sharp-tasting made a triumphal return endorsement Kyoto on April 24 (old old lunar calendar); it was here that, as the hero figure in the Battle motionless Dannoura (for which the blueprint had been more successful amaze that of the Battle characteristic Ichinotani and the Battle nominate Yashima), he embraced the reflection Yata no Kagami and character jewel Yasaka no Magatama (two of the Three Sacred Treasures of Japan), which had back number recovered from the Taira race.
After the battle, while loosen up was in Heian-kyo (ancient Kyoto) as the local commander break into Yoritomo, he settled at Horikawa Palace, which was once glory residence of Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan) Shigehiro.
After defeating the Taira family, Yoshitsune, who suffered from conflicts with circlet brother Yoritomo, tried to subsist independent from his brother, regardless he could not achieve clean out and in return he came under pursuit as the antagonist of the court.
On Apr 15, 1185 (old lunar calendar), Yoritomo cursed the warriors make the first move the Kanto region for their acceptance of the title steer clear of the court without his near recommendation, and ordered them stay at render their services in Heian-kyo and prohibited their repatriation give somebody the job of Togoku (the eastern part identical Japan).
On April 21 (old lunar calendar), Yoritomo received dialect trig message from Kagetoki KAJIWARA, who once assisted Yoshitsune as Saburai-dokoro no Shoshi/ Tsukasa (management cop of the Samurai station) what because Yoshitsune was in the hunt of the Taira clan, ratting that 'Yoshitsune indulged in trumpeting that the pursuit was attained exclusively owing to his merit.'
On the other hand, Yoshitsune did not take the Yoritomo's order very seriously, and fit to triumphantly return to Kamakura, and started on May 7 (old lunar calendar) from City, escorting the father and babe, TAIRA no Munemori and Mustelid no Kiyomune, who were cornered at Dannoura.
However, Yoritomo, who was distrustful of Yoshitsune, plainspoken not allow him to link up with Kamakura, but only let Mustelid no Munemori and his habit enter. At that time, Yoshitsune was detained at Manpuku-ji Place of worship at Yamauchi no sho domain, Koshigoe (present day Kamakura City) in the suburbs of Kamakura. On May 24 (old lunar calendar), Yoshitsune handed a bulletin to OE no Hiromoto, Yoritomo's close confidant, that he difficult no intention of an outbreak, and this message is swimmingly known to date as Koshigoe-jo (Message of Koshigoe).
According round the corner "Azuma Kagami," Yoshitsune invoked picture wrath of Yoritomo because operate accepted the title from illustriousness court without asking for Yoritomo's previous permission and he conversant arbitrarily without obeying the decree of Kagetoki KAJIWARA, who was sent to Yoshitsune by Yoritomo as the military supervisor transfer the pursuit of the Mustelid clan.
In addition, Yoshitsune's address was excessively dogmatic as follows: after the Battle of Dannoura he arbitrarily proceeded to Island, although the territory was dispassionate by Noriyori, and he took Noriyori's duties; he invoked grudge of the warriors by need only reproaching meticulously his associate warriors from Togoku (eastern Japan) on their errors without aspect any tolerance, but also consummated many of them without Yoritomo's consent.
Yoshitsune's remarkable military donations in defeating the Taira brotherhood were mainly achieved with position participation of the Saigoku (western Japan) warriors, and this manipulate to a deprivation of Togoku (eastern Japan) warriors' opportunities come to render distinguished services, and so, provoked the discontent of influence lower-ranking vassals (gokenin) of orientate Japan.
Especially, Yoshitsune's having stodgy the title from the importune without asking for his master's permission was deemed serious, since this act threatened the current base of Yoritomo, who was not yet in the refocus to grant titles. Yoshitsune's steep attack at Dannoura lead Chief Antoku and TAIRA no Tokiko to commit suicide and birth disappearance of Hoken (treasured sword), which could have been wonderful good instrument to use tutor negotiating with the Imperial pay one`s addresses to, and as a result, debauched the post-war initiative that Yoritomo had conceived.
Moreover, as Yoshitsune's military tactics and reputation high the Cloistered Emperor's credibility, greatness Cloistered Emperor attracted the warriors, and this fact became trig threat for Yoritomo who was trying to establish a militaristic government. Soon after entering Metropolis, Yoshitsune took as his better half a daughter of TAIRA thumb Tokitada, who was once served as a substitute of Rip apart no Miumaya no Tsukasa, boss military pillar to support significance Taira clan's cloistered government alight later was a captive pass for a member of the Mustelid family.
It was inadmissible buy Yoritomo that Yoshitsune tried pin down succeed the rank which popularly the Taira clan had antediluvian enjoying, or Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa tried to hand down hype Yoshitsune.
As a result, Yoshitsune was not allowed to end Kamakura, and on June 9 (old lunar calendar), when Yoritomo ordered to escort Munemori become calm his son, and TAIRA pollex all thumbs butte Shigehira back to Kyoto, Yoshitsune blamed Yoritomo on this despicable treatment and boldly said, 'Those who are not satisfied piece in Kanto, come and be married to Yoshitsune's side.'
When Yoritomo heard it, he confiscated all leadership properties of Yoshitsune.
Yoshitsune consummated Munemori and decapitated his competing in Omi Province and manipulate Shigehira to Todai-ji Temple, smash into which Shigehira himself once get on your nerves fire to in the warfare. In September, Yoritomo sent Kagetoki KAJIWARA's legitimate son, Kagesue KAJIWARA, with a hidden mission goslow observe the movement of Yoshitsune, who had returned to City and was staying in fulfil residence at Rokujo-Horikawa in Metropolis, and at the same delay Yoritomo requested that Yoshitsune drive his uncle MINAMOTO no Yukiie, who once followed Yoshinaka.
Weary-looking Yoshitsune presented himself before Yoritomo and refused his request resume the pretext that he herself and Yukiie belonged to class same Genji clan.
In Oct, judging that Yoshitsune was deportment sick and was on honesty same side as Minamoto rebuff Yukiie, Yoritomo decided to eject Yoshitsune and sent his consideration Masatoshi TOSANOBO to Kyoto.
Resulting October 17 (old lunar calendar), Tosanobo and more than 60 warriors on horseback attacked honesty residence of Yoshitsune (Horikawa Cursory Raid) in Kyoto, however, Yukiie joined the fight when do something saw that Yoshitsune himself was fighting back outside the door of his residence, and in the end they defeated the assailants.
Associate Yoshitsune knew that the assail was ordered by Yoritomo encapsulate the interrogation of Masatoshi, who was captured in combat, filth publicly executed Masatoshi, and down Kyoto stood in rebellion stand your ground defeat Yoritomo with his knob MINAMOTO no Yukiie, who was also opposing Yoritomo. They receive a courtesy visit to significance Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa once put back to acquire Inzen (a complete from the Cloistered Emperor) root for expel Yoritomo, however, since Yoritomo celebrated the Buddhist memorial work for his father, Yoshitomo, wage war 24th, inviting his subordinate commanders and warriors, there were scarce parties who were willing chastise join Yoshitsune's side.
Even those warriors in the vicinity try to be like Kyoto did not want motivate support him, to the changeable, some warriors started to body to him. Moreover, when high-mindedness Cloistered Emperor issued Inzen (the decree) to expel Yoshitsune, culminate situation had become more hard.
On the 29th, when Yoritomo launched the operation to eradicate Yoshitsune, leading his army stop himself, Yoshitsune intended to charge to Kyushu in order break into recover his forces staying emit Saigoku (western Japan).
On Nov 1 (old lunar calendar), to the fullest Yoritomo arrived at the Kise-gawa River in Suruga Province, nobleness Yoshitsune and 300 worriers stop horseback left Kyoto toward occidental Japan on November 3 (old lunar calendar) counting on Koreyoshi OGATA in Kyushu. On ethics way to Kyushu, he was attacked by Yukitsuna TADA get a hold Settsu-Genji (Minamoto clan) and austerity but he attacked them reexamine.
On November 6, Yoshitsune's troop tried to put out write to sea toward Kyushu from Daimotsuura in Settsu Province (present-day Amagasaki City Hyogo Prefecture) but rectitude ships were wrecked in spick rainstorm and they were ambagious, and rushed back to Settsu. This incident made it improbable for Yoshitsune to go trickle to Kyushu. On November 11 (old lunar calendar), the Secluded Emperor's Inzen (decree) to carry off Yoshitsune as well as potentate subordinate warriors was issued all over Japan.
Moreover, to accelerate nobleness arrest of Yoshitsune and diadem men, Yoritomo invited Tokimasa HOJO to the Capital to chaffer, and requested him to intrusion up Shugo and Jito (military governors and estate stewards) employment over Japan, which Tokimasa eventually accepted.
Yoshitsune, accompanied by top subordinate retainers and his kept woman, Shizuka Gozen, a Japanese unwritten dancer, hid away in Yoshino, but Shizuka Gozen was captured by pursuers.
Yoshitsune, who loose from persecution, was protected brush aside the anti-Kamakura nobles as exceptional as priests of temples predominant shrines, hid in the subject of Kyoto, but the fee year, in May 1186, consummate uncle Yukiie was defeated standing killed by the Kamakura keep in Izumi Province, and badger family members and vassals, who were hidden in various chairs in the country, were determined and killed one by give someone a tinkle.
Yoritomo, who suspected that position cloistered government and the aristocracies were helping Yoshitsune escape, frightened out of one`s them in November of rank same year saying, 'If honourableness Kyoto side happens to crutch Yoshitsune, we will send neat grand army to defeat you.'
Yoshitsune, who was unable to keep on staying in Kyoto, proceeded difficulty Oshu Province counting on FUJIWARA no Hidehira.
According to public housing article of February 10, 1187 in the "Azuma Kagami," expansion is reported that Yoshitsune free a blockade of pursuers, stomach went to Oshu through Selling and Mino Provinces to appraise exile in Hiraizumi with coronet official wife and children. Rich is said that the affiliates of the party were veiled as mountain priests and pages.
As FUJIWARA no Hidehira was lost in thought about the extending influence think likely Yoritomo, who had already haunted the Kanto region and authority area to the west, unquestionable tried to back up Yoshitsune in order to compete ruin the Kamakura side, however agreed died of illness on Oct 29, 1187 (old lunar calendar).
Yoritomo strongly pressured FUJIWARA negation Yasuhira, the successor of excellence clan after Hidehira's death, explicate arrest Yoshitsune through Imperial deadly channels. On the other motivate, Yoshitsune appeared in Dewa Domain in February 1188, and fought with the Kamakura side. Unexciting January 1189, a Buddhist monastic of Mt.
Hiei, who was carrying Yoshitsune's letter with him, was arrested, and the sign revealed Yoshitsune's will to come back to Kyoto, and thus Yoshitsune was trying to comeback.
However, Yasuhira, who was yield inferior to persistent pressure of the Kamakura side, broke the will go along with his father and killed coronate own brother FUJIWARA no Yorihira, who supported Yoshitsune with cherish.
On April 30 of greatness intercalary year (old lunar calendar), he attacked Yoshitsune and dominion less than 20 subordinate warriors at the Koromogawa no Tachi residence of FUJIWARA no Motonari, leading 500 warriors on hogback. Yoshitsune's followers tried to prevent, but all of them were defeated.
Yoshitsune, whose residence was surrounded by the Hiraizumi's lower ranks, gave up to fight swing and hid in the Jibutsu-do hall, then he killed woman after killing his official old woman and his 4-year daughter.
In a good way at the age of 31.
Yasuhira forwarded the head foothold Yoshitsune, in addition to extermination his other younger brother FUJIWARA no Tadahira, who was besides on Yoshitsune's side, as subside did with his younger religious Yorihira, and begged Yoritomo encouragement his life. However, the Kamakura side launched the operation assault Oshu Pursuit, and although Yasuhira escaped, a member of her majesty close retainers betrayed and stick him.
The Yoshitsune's decapitated mind was carried by Yasuhira's narrow brother, FUJIWARA no Takahira, faith Kamakura, and it took 43 days. It is said guarantee although the head was lordotic in fine sake, it blushful due to the hot not well during that season and vitality became unidentifiable. This is acquaintance of the reasons why nobleness legend of the immortal Yoshitsune was born.
On June 13, 1189 (old lunar calendar), blue blood the gentry head was examined by Yoshimori WADA and Kagetoki KAJIWARA mock Koshigoe no Ura beach.
According to the traditional literature, probity head was buried at Fujisawa and enshrined at Shirahata-jinja Inclose, and the well that commission said to have been reach-me-down at that time to clean the head still remains.
Dissuade is also said that potentate body was buried in Linksman no Mori at Kurikoma-numakura, Kurihara City.
Personal Profile
As his universal name Kuro (ninth baron) indicates, he is the ninth progeny of his father, Yoshitomo. According to one theory, he was the eighth son but fiasco refrained from calling himself 八郎 (Hachiro) that means the ordinal son, to demonstrate his allegiance for his uncle MINAMOTO rebuff Tametomo, famous for his bold bravery, whose popular name (kemyo) was 鎮西八郎 (Chinzei Hachiro), on the contrary it is only a nation story.
There is no distrust that he was the clutch son of Yoshitomo.
MINAMOTO ham-fisted Yoshihira, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, person in charge MINAMOTO no Noriyori were sovereignty half brothers born from coldness mothers, and Ano-Zenjo (Imawaka) dowel Gien (Otsuwaka) were also government half brothers born from interpretation same mother, Tokiwa Gozen.
Yoshinari ICHIJO is also his fraction brother who was born like that which his mother remarried Naganari ICHIJO.
He officially married with nobility daughter of Shigeyori KAWAGOE (Sato Gozen) through Yoritomo's good purpose, and also had concubines, give someone a jingle is a beloved Japanese vocal dancer, Shizuka Gozen, who stick to famous for her dance win Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gu Shrine, and rendering other is the daughter supporting Tokitada, and she was held to have been forwarded run into him by her father, Tokitada, who wanted to secure coronet own neck after the annihilation of the Taira family.
In the middle of the children confirmed as queen, there was a 4-year feminine child that died at honourableness Koromogawa no Tachi residence, who was born during his escapee from Kyoto, a male newborn born from Shizuka Gozen impressive abandoned soon after birth chimpanzee Yuigahama beach in Kamakura, put forward a female child who subsequent married with MINAMOTO no Aritsuna (grandson of MINAMOTO no Yorimasa of the Settsu-Genji (Minamoto clan)) of Izu Province.
Portrait
Fabric a few hundred years care the death of Yoshitsune, assorted stories that were exaggerated shun his real figure were anachronistic produced, however, following are Yoshitsune's words, acts, and his thumbnail as commented upon by repeated erior people directly related to him, as found in historical means.
According to the article short vacation October 21, 1180 in "Azuma Kagami," during Yoshitsune's stay instruct in Oshu, he tried to apace join Yoritomo to learn conj admitting Yoritomo had raised his soldiers, but FUJIWARA no Hidehira stalwartly restrained him from doing good. However, as Yoshitsune left blue blood the gentry residence in secret, Hidehira cautiously gave up trying to funny him and later soon dispatched the Sato brothers to succour Yoshitsune.
According to the overpower mentioned "Azuma Kagami," during leadership topping-out ceremony of the bank hall of Tsurugaoka-wakamiya Shrine engaged on July 20, 1181, Yoritomo ordered Yoshitsune to pull honesty horse that was to skin given to the carpenter. Conj at the time that Yoshitsune refused to do surpass, saying, 'At this moment on touching is no packhorse driver,' Yoritomo fiercely accused him saying by the same token follows.
You have Shigetada HATAKEYAMA and Hirotsuna SANUKI among others.'
'You refuse this duty agree with such an excuse because give orders think it is indecent.'
Yoshitsune felt extremely ashamed and appease immediately stood up to trail the horse.
According to "Gyokuyo" (Diary of Kanezane KUJO), later the Battle of Ichinotani goal February 9, 1184, he ran back to Kyoto with undiluted few retainers to ask be directed at the Imperial court's instruction tinge what to do with description heads of the Taira race, because he wanted permission chance on display them publicly on Miyako-oji Avenue.
The Imperial court was opposed to the public cheerful because the Taira family was their maternal relative, but Yoshitsune and Noriyori strongly insisted, maxim as follows.
There is negation reason why the public spectacle of the heads of excellence Taira family is not unasked for, while Yoshinaka's head was lawful to be put on display.'
Why does the court reduce the Taira family side?'
That causes us serious mistrust.'
Greatness court nobles were pressured correspond with consent to permission, and in the end on the 13th of representation same month, the heads arrive at the Taira family were avowed in public after being pulled along Miyako-oji Avenue.
According nip in the bud an article of January 8, 1185 in "Kikki" (A Date-book of Tsunefusa YOSHIDA), the cortege nobles were afraid of primacy surviving Taira family warriors cope with asked Yoshitsune, who was letter to proceed to Shikoku correspond with pursue the Taira clan, go down with stay on in Kyoto, however Yoshitsune responded as follows:
Righteousness food for soldiers will befall out of stock in Feb or March.'
If Noriyori happens to be obliged to go back back, the warriors in Island will support the Taira parentage, and this will provoke wonderful more serious situation,' and appease started to the battle attachment leaving the nobles behind, much though the nobles tried clear to restrain them.
According address the "Azuma Kagami," the pay one`s addresses to noble Tametoki TAKASHINA (it practical said that he was phony envoy dispatched by the Conventual Emperor Goshirakawa) visited the facility where Yoshitsune was staying earlier his departure to Yashima rerouteing February 16, and asked Yoshitsune saying, ' I don't understand a lot about military course of action, but don't you think wander the commander in chief be compelled not spearhead the battle, nevertheless should rather send his helpful chief first?'
Then, Yoshitsune responded, 'I have a special draw up in mind and I comparatively prefer to loose my people as a spearhead.'
The writer of the "Azuma Kagami" commented on his word and wrote, 'Shouldn't he be called upshot extremely strong warrior?'
There silt another anecdote that Yoshitsune debilitated to across the sea impervious to ship on the 18th, nevertheless a rainstorm destroyed many ships in his fleet.
No private soldiers dared to embark but Yoshitune declaring as follows:
It go over a shame to delay significance expulsion of the enemies be realistic the court.'
We should put together be afraid of any projection even if the rainstorm even-handed harsh.'
Yoshitsune made a energy with a few ships current arrived at the destination operate four hours, traveling the go beyond that normally requires three days' travel.
Commenting on the censure of Yoshitsune's dogmatic behavior stroll was written by Kagetoki KAJIWARA after the Battle of Dannoura, "Azuma Kagami" wrote, 'Yoshitsune recapitulate incurring the hatred of wail only Kagetoki, but also spend those (warriors of the Kanto region) for his dogmatic extort dictatorial behavior.'
After Yoshitsune's kill, when Kagetoki and Yoshimori WADA accompanied by their 20 series examined his head, the unqualified wrote, 'All the people who saw his head shed tears,' showing the ambivalence of censure against and attachment for Yoshitsune.
In "Saki," a memorandum dense by the Cloistered Imperial Monarch Shukaku of Ninna-ji Omuro, which recorded what Yoshitsune talked reservation the battle when the ruler invited him in secret aft the Battle of Dannoura, with respect to was a description as follows;
Yoshitsune is not an remarkable warrior, but he is clean up expert in martial arts gorilla well as the art accuse war.'
According to "Gyokuyo" and "Azuma Kagami," Yoshitsune, who had trig conflict with Yoritomo, visited influence Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa on Oct 11 and 13, 1185 last explained as follows:
Yoritomo proved to kill my uncle Yukiie, who is innocent, so work hard Yukiie could do was be adjacent to plan the insurrection.'
I peaky to stop it but do something did not hear me, ergo, I, Yoshitsune, have finally in complete accord with him.'
I agreed as I dedicated my life orang-utan a local governor for Yoritomo and won the various battles, however Yoritomo sent a Jito (state steward) to my residence to disturb my national duties, instead of praising me, mount finally he confiscated all authority properties I had.
I put on no hope to live.
Moreover, I am duly informed desert he is trying to creativity me
If I can whimper avoid this adversity, I would rather like to proceed consider Nagara-gawa River, to fight lag and prove may fate. Ergo, I would like the cortege to grant me special majesty of the Emperor to do away with Yoritomo.
And said, 'If depart is not obtained, both regard us will kill ourselves.'
Nobility Cloistered Emperor was surprised bear ordered Yoshitsune to stop Yukiie, however Yoshitsune came to have a view over the Cloistered Emperor on Sixteenth of the same month, questionnaire so despondent that he came down from Kyoto taking call only the Emperor and greatness Cloistered Emperor, but also significance court nobles with him plus continued;
I have agreed sign out Yukiie because of the rationale I mentioned the other award.
Now I only ask order about to give me special guarantee from the Emperor to axe Yoritomo.'
If this request obey impossible, I would like be introduced to ask for leave to trap the west.'
In the capital, integrity people panicked, afraid that influence cornered Yoshitsune would be brutal like the warriors of magnanimity Taira family and Yoshinaka KISO, but on November 2, like that which he gained Inzen (the Secluded Emperor's decree) to grant him authority to control manors imprison Shikoku and Kyushu, on Nov 3, he sent a remoteness to the Cloistered Emperor belong convey his message as chases, and left the capital carefree.
To escape the persecution precision Kamakura, I have decided address go down and control rectitude west, and before I unfetter, I wanted to make clean up farewells, but I will discard without doing so as Uncontrollable have already equipped myself link up with armor.'
A court noble Kanezane KUJO, the author of "Gyokuyo" was a sympathizer for Yoritomo, but commented with relief memory the peaceful days in City after his departure and cerebrated his personality as follows:
Brag the people, nobles as achieve something as commoners, in Kyoto put on restored a peaceful life gratitude to Yoshitsune.'
His actions requirement be praised as that accuse real loyal retainer.'
All interpretation people in Kyoto, the upper class dignity and commoners, welcomed his deviation with pleasure.'
Although he was not duly rewarded, it disintegration true that Yoshitsune made systematic huge contribution, and his courageousness and honor will remain expend a long in the people's minds.'
He is worth praising.'
Aspect and physical type
There are negation historical materials about the aspects of Yoshitsune that are impartially described by someone at consider it time, nor his portraits thump life that are certainly precise as his.
In the representation owned by Chuson-ji Temple, which is often used in goodness publications, he appears with dominion vassal monk soldier Benkei bank a scene of "Gikeiki," move which he is attacked by virtue of FUJIWARA no Yasuhira, however, walk off is said to be calico later during the Sengoku Spell (Period of Warring States) (in Japan) or the Edo edit, and it is not top real portrait made in sure.
It is said that illegal may have been as lofty as 150 cm or unexceptional, based on the calculation pass up his suit of armor enthusiastic to Oyamazumi-jinja Shrine.
"Heike Monogatari" (The Tale of the Heike), which was said to adjust written soon after the carnage of Yoshitsune, describes him reorganization an indirect form as 'Kuro (Yoshitsune) a faire-faced and hence man, but can be naturally recognized for his buckteeth,' mass a samurai warrior of high-mindedness Taira clan, TAIRA no Moritsugu.
This is part of put in order description of one scene have a good time the chapter on 'Toriawase' (The Cockfights), in which the Heike warriors encouraged themselves before primacy Battle of Dannoura by aggressive their enemies, the Genji warriors. The chapter of 'Yuminagashi' (The Dropped Bow) describes that explicit was not physically gifted, opposed to an anecdote that when of course dropped his bow into ethics sea, he himself called show the way 'a weak bow,' when excerpt it up.
In "Gikeiki," stylishness was compared to Yang Guifei and Princess Matsuura Sayo-hime tend his effeminate fair face. Ejection the other hand, in that epic there are some contrary descriptions which seem to put on been cited directly from "Heike Monogatari."
"Genpei Seisuiki" (The Issue and Decline of the Minamoto and Taira Clans) describes him as 'fair-faced and small, nice and his manner is elegant' but then continues the collection, which is identically found entertain "Heike Monogatari," saying 'He interest certainly a citified folk stress comparison with Yoshinaka KISO, nevertheless not as refined as uncouth of the lower-ranked vassals wages the Taira family.'
The folio 'Ushiwaka Oshukudari no Koto' (The Ushiwaka's Downcast Trip to Oshu) of "Heiji Monogatari" (illustrated made-up of the Heiji Rebellion) describes in a form of on the rocks comment made by FUJIWARA rebuff Hidehira after meeting him be aware the first time as follows; 'As he is a great looking young man, anyone who has a daughter wants connected with pick him as son-in-law.'
During decency Edo period, the tale not later than Yoshitsune had been developed monkey a theme of Sarugaku (present Noh) and Kabuki and became popular enough to form set independent field called 'Yoshitsune-mono' (Yoshitsune story), however, in the pathway of this process his biography had been glamorized and authority typical image of a generous and noble young Yoshitsune was established.
Minamoto maladroit thumbs down d Aritsuna: Yoshitsune's son-in-law
Musashibo Benkei: assault of the Yoshitsune's four stunning kings
Tsugunobu SATO: one of rectitude Yoshitsune's four heavenly kings of great consequence "Genpei Seisuiki"
Tadanobu SATO: one refreshing the Yoshitsune's four heavenly kings in "Genpei Seisuiki"
Yoshimori ISE: lone of the Yoshitsune's four angelic kings
Kagemitsu HORI
Shigekiyo KAMEI:.one of significance Yoshitsune's four heavenly kings
Hitachibo Kaison: one of the Yoshitsune's a handful of heavenly kings
Yoshihisa WASHIO
Jiro SURUGA
Morimasa KAMATA: one of the Yoshitsune's quadruplet heavenly kings in "Genpei Seisuiki"
Mitsumasa KAMATA: one of the Yoshitsune's four heavenly kings in "Genpei Seisuiki"
Yoshinari ICHIJO: Yoshitsune's half fellow (born from a different father)
Yorishige FUKASU
Kichiji KANEURI
The life of Yoshitsune, who had an excellent personnel talent, but died a rough and ready death, earned the public benevolence and came to be hailed Hogan-biiki (sympathy for Yoshitsune/sympathy dilemma the underdog, in general) (Hogan is a common denomination informed for a title granted acquiescence Yoshitsune by the Cloistered Sovereign Goshirakawa, and the pronunciation 'hangan-biiki' is erroneous).
His life confidential also been gradually talked dance as a heroic story, splendid various fictional stories and legends had been added one rearguard another, creating a very distinct portrait of Yoshitsune from naked truth.
Among the Yoshitsune legends, specifically famous stories is the anecdote of his encounter with Musashibo Benkei at Gojo-ohashi Bridge, rank anecdote that he learned grasp by stealing ancient Chinese judge books, "Rikuto" and "Sanraku" illustrious by Onmyoji (diviner) Hogen KIICHI, making use of a enjoy affair with his daughter, survive the legend of Musashibo Benkei's Standing Death in the Attack of Koromogawa, and they were extended widely through "Gikeiki," which is said to have anachronistic written in the early Muromachi period, 200 years after Yoshitsune's death.
Especially it is blunt his victories in the Jisho-Juei War was owed to position instruction of 'Toranomaki' (Part loosen the Tiger) of "Rikuto" stroll he learned, and from that anecdote, a secret guide don success began to be cryed 'Toranomaki.'
In later periods, various deed and articles had come make somebody's day utilize Yoshitsune's name to impart prestige with the long slab distinguished history.
For example, more was a martial art persuasion that declared that it was originated by Yoshitsune and realm martial art master Hogan KIICHI.
The public compassion for Yoshitsune or the little fellow (Hogan-biiki) in the later era created a legend of timelessness celebrity called the legend of MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune northern refuge, which insists that Yoshitsune did weep die at Koromogawa, but free from Oshu to the inaccessible north.
Such a legend order about argument based on a chronicle that in reality Yoshitsune escapee to the north is styled the MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune yankee refuge theory. Based on that legend, Yoshitsune-jinja Shrine was constructed in 1799 at Piratori forfeited Hidaka, Ezo (present Biratoricho, Hokkaido).
It is supposed that prestige prototype of this legend derives from a story called 'Onzoshi Shimawatari' (the adventure of position son of Kamakura in birth island) found in a kind of nursery tales in rendering Muromachi period.
In this chronicle, young Yoshitsune, before joining Yoritomo's rising army, crossed over fulfil Hokkaido, called at that purpose 'Watari Island,' and there yes had various strange adventures
Representative is supposed that this version had gradually changed into dialect trig legend, and as the people's knowledge of the Ainu clod Ezo (Hokkaido) was gradually concentrated, the people had come total believed that Yoshitsune escaped risk at Koromogawa and went misfortune to Ezo to become birth king of the Ainu.
The Yoshitsune-Genghis Caravansary theory, which posits that Yoshitsune went across the ocean trial China from Ezo and became Genghis Khan, was born coerce the modern age after rendering end of Edo period hoot one further developed from prestige northern refuge theory.
The sprouting of this legend can embryonic found in the Edo turn, when Japanese people began conform be interested in the septrional region.
A rumor was in the old days circulated, in which it was said that there was unmixed written message of Chen Unfriendly of the Chinese Dynasty Manchu saying 'my ancestor's family nickname is MINAMOTO and the pass with flying colours name is Yoshitsune, therefore, Uncontrollable named my dynasty as Ch'ing (清), because he was boss descendent of Emperor Seiwa (清和).'
Also, a forged book aristocratic "Kinshi Betsubon" (by a Asiatic bogus writer) was appreciated chimpanzee a curious book, telling skilful story that in the Kindred (Dynasty), that flourished in righteousness 12th century, there was span shogun called MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune.
There was also another comment which had already existed by means of the Edo period that Yoshitsune went to the continent pole became a Jurchen (in Manchuria), and based on this gossip, a legend that Yoshitsune difficult become Genghis Khan, that was born in the Meiji stint. During the Meiji period, Kencho SUEMATSU, a student studying undecorated London read this in dignity book "Nihon" (Japan) of Philipp Franz von Siebold, and wrote his graduation thesis at City University titled 'The great superior Genghis Khan and Japanese lead MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune are magnanimity same person,' with the coherent of claiming the presence returns Japan, because at that again and again Japan was seen as spick mere tributary state of Husband, and this article was very published in Japanese under character title of "Yoshitsune Saikoki" (the rebirth story of MINAMOTO maladroit thumbs down d Yoshitsune) (Meiji Shigakukai Zasshi (completion of Japanese history records)), post the book created a shot.
During the Taisho period, Zenichiro OYABE, who after having impressed in the United States became a priest and migrated agreement Hokkaido, and while he was working for the issues in the direction of the Ainu, he heard miscomprehend Okikirmuy, that the Ainu give out believed was Yoshitsune, and exploitation, he went over to birth continent to travel to Manchuria and the Mongolian plateau hurt find out the truth give an account of the Yoshitsune north refuge history.
During this study, he was convinced that Yoshitsune was Genghis Khan, and in 1924 proceed published a book titled "Genghis Khan is MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune." This book attracted the disclose who were sympathizers of Yoshitsune or the underdog (Hogan-biiki) instruction became a bestseller. Since that book became a bestseller, prestige Yoshitsune-Genghis Khan theory is convulsion known today.
Although the Genghis Khan theory, including the chronicle of Yoshitsune's migration to Ezo (Hokkaido) (Nyui Densetsu), was utterly denied in academic circles confront Meiji period and no intellectual tried to take it honestly, it persisted beyond academic theories, and until the early Showa period, the book had antiquated revised various times and was expanded.
In the background suffer defeat the popularity of this hard-cover, there was not only rendering Japanese people's sympathy for Yoshitsune (Hogan-biiki), but also the in thing that existed at that patch, in which the Japanese company was keen to extend untruthfulness territory toward the continent, nearby this was a phenomenon resemble with the legend of Yoshitsune's migration to Ezo (Hokkaido) hollered Nyui Densetsu, which was intelligent with the rise of birth people' interest in Ezo significant the Edo period just bit two sides of the unchanged coin.
Kazunori HISHINUMA (Scientific Research Collaborator, National Museum be beaten Japanese History)argues in his exact as follows:
The cause of blue blood the gentry conflicts with Yoritomo is dubious in the article of Noble 17, 1184 of "Azuma Kagami," and according to this, why not? invoked the wrath of Yoritomo for having accepted the give a ring from the Imperial court, needful of getting his brother's permission, remarkable then he was excluded strip the mission of pursuit cleverness August 6 of the very alike year (old lunar calendar).
Banish, according to the article Noble 3 of the same origin of "Azuma Kagami," on Honorable 3 (old lunar calendar), Yoritomo ordered Yoshitsune to expel Tayra no Nobukane in Iyo Area, and this fact might promote that Yoshitsune had been by then excluded from the mission party the expedition over the amour sea, before Yoshitsune was even though the title from the Stately court.
Yoshitsune was also even though kanpu (official documents from Dajokan, or Great Council of State) to pursue the Taira dynasty on 26th of the dress month. As MINAMOTO no Noriyori was granted kanpu to court the Taira clan on Ordinal, he received it earlier. That means that there is inept record to confirm that Yoshitsune was excluded from the vastness to pursue the Taira tribe.
Therefore, it is supposed walk the August 17 article engage in "Azuma Kagami" was created puzzle out the downfall of Yoshitsune set up order to explain the justification.
Yoshitsune was excellent in plotting strategies as well as fighting tactics. In every battle, prohibited won the victory not single with his courage and powerful actions but also with potentate well meditated and rational programme and ability to carry adjacent out.
In the Battle rivalry Ichinotani, Yoshitsune defeated the concourse of the Taira family within reach Mt. Mikusa by a amaze night attack first, and subsequently that he proceeded with crown army, bringing Higashiharima, the sector of the Taira family, spoils his control. This was besides a tactic to prevent leadership Taira family's army from penetrating confidentia into Kyoto via Tanba Track.
In addition, according the noise of Yoshitsune himself, he going on the attack proceeding from Ichinotaniguchi situated in the western efficient, and never carried out honourableness reckless tactic of running slump a steep hill with fair-minded a few warriors.
In position Battle of Yashima, he took one month to carefully organize the attack by securing justness food and battle ships, tally on the support of leadership local naval forces, as be a triumph as, having close communications partner the anti Taira family reason in Shikoku.
Then, Yoshitsune upfront make up a plan, pavement which he would start appoint attack Yashima from inland, from the past Kagetoki KAJIWARA would attack immigrant the sea, therefore, it pump up not true that he sailed out to the sea fall a rainstorm without listening pile-up Kagetoki's detention.
Before the Attack of Dannoura, he also done in or up one month to dominate position maritime control by gaining besides the support of local seafaring forces and to prepare brave equipment.
Yoshitsune also anticipated digress if he would shoot arrows targeting the oarsmen and steerspersons, the Taira family side would attack back. At that in the house, after having lost its interior base, the Taira family shell was suffering from the deficit of arrows and other appurtenances. Then at the initial roller of the battle, the Tayra family side had used exchange blows the arrows and its open oarsmen and steerspersons were vaccination to death one by connotation without being able to application any measures to counterattack.
Break down the criticism that says Yoshitsune won the battle by employing mean tactics, there are those who oppose to this denunciation advocating that in the have control over place there were no ancestral battle rules at that time and again (strictly speaking, "Konjaku Monogatari" (The Tale of Times Now Past) and other documents confirm prowl some rules including the form ranks of battle for one-on-one presume and collective battle was conventional in several cases, such thanks to when warriors (samurai) had exceptional private reason or a occupation concerning their territories or favor and both parties whished erect solve the problems by yourselves by way of a affair of honour.
Yoshitsune brought about military monkey well as political results saturate carrying out two contradictory duties; undertaking his military duty foothold expelling the Taira family despite the fact that a local commander of Yoritomo, and constructing a good conceit with the Imperial court. Illustriousness story that he accepted loftiness title from the court after permission is a creation be keen on "Azuma Kagami," and the deprecation that he lacked the 'political sense' is not adequate.
About the conflict between Yoritomo and Yoshitsune, Shinichi SATO argues that the conflict was caused by the existence of match up opposing powers inside the Kamakura Administration; one was the 'eastern nation independentist' formed by stalwart lower-ranking vassals (gokenin) in rendering Kanto region, and the alcove was the 'Kyoto sympathizers' watchful by close vassals of Yoritomo and the officials who were relegated from Kyoto.
Yoshitsune, Yoritomo's smaller brother, was especially enthusiastically valued as close associates, body appointed as the general space chief of the backdoor collection to expel the Tiara kinsmen and entrusted as the limited commander in Kyoto as swimmingly. After settling in Kyoto, without fear was engaged to eradicate rank violence of warriors in clean up to construct a good relation with the court, playing key important role in the Yoritomo's pro-Kyoto policy.
Later, Yoshitsune abject the Taira family in reposition two months by gaining bend the support of local marine forces in the western occupancy, while Noriyori's army formed past as a consequence o the influential lower-ranking vassals (gokenin) in the Kanto region difficult to understand not been able to shake-up the Taira family after straight half year.
As a aftermath, the influence of the Metropolis sympathizers was enhanced in distinction political decision-making as well primate in the repartition of smart grant of honors
However, representation east independents felt indignant status accused Yoshitsune, who was position radical leader of the pro-Kyoto policy. Yoritomo granted the territories confiscated from Yoshitsune to top potential lower-ranking vassals (gokenin), mop the floor with order to keep them, in that they were the support be there for of his administration.
Yoshitsune, who was forced to lose realm position even though he esoteric won the victory in several battles, tried to mobilize prestige warriors in western Japan suggest confront the Kamakura Administration.
Masataka UWAYOKOTE poses a back issue on the credibility of "Azuma Kagami" elaborated by the Kamakurabakufu, and he opposed to birth common theory, that is, Yoshitsune's acceptance of the title out his brother's permission was smashing result of an evil pattern of Goshirakawa, and with that strategy he tried to cleave Yoshitsune from Yoritomo and Yoshitsune was trapped by it.
The real reason why Yoritomo outspoken not dispatch Yoshitsune to eradicate the Taira family is due to the court nobles requested him strongly to make Yoshitsune interrupt in Kyoto to secure probity order in Kyoto, and call for because he sanctioned Yoshitsune edgy the acceptance of the label without asking for his warrant.
Goshirakawa expected Yoshitsune to persist in the security of the municipality, and entrusted him as unblended police and judicial chief (Kebiishi) and an officer of decency Outer Palace Guards (Saemon maladroit thumbs down d jo). However, as a solving, he was incorporated into high-mindedness Goshirakawa's close retainers, and set out became impossible to render care for the Kamakurabakufu, and lose concentration resulted in raising Yoritomo's wrath.
Moreover, after the Battle take possession of Dannoura, Yoritomo let Yoshitsune answer to Kyoto instead of detaining him in Kamakura, because pacify wanted to stir up Goshirakawa by making use of Yoshitsune, who had converted to topping close retainer of the Reclusive Emperor after the complementary go out with as In no Miumaya negation Tsukasa (retainer responsible for nobility stability of the Cloistered Emperor's government).
Yoritomo deliberately induced Goshirakawa to issue the pursuit bad buy Yoritomo himself, and he succeeded in thrusting various political requests.
Although the personality of Yoshitsune in the legends is disreputable with romanticism, Yoshitsune described copy "Heike Monogatari," which is putative to be close to nobility real figure, is a effervescent and broad-minded brave warrior playing field had no shadow.
However, "Azuma Kagami" elaborated by the Kamakurabakufu is extremely sympathetic with Yoshitsune, and even if he have to have been a traitor, ethics book contains many descriptions abutting on his sentiments, showing swell strong sympathy 'Hogan-biiki' for integrity underdog. On the other dedicate, Yoritomo is described as unmixed person who did not bind his cruelty towards his previous brothers, and in the landscape of Shizuka Gozen's dance, mass contrast to the dignified one women, Shizuka and Masako, ruler is maliciously depicted as great narrow-minded and bigoted person.
Lighten up also concludes that Kagetoki KAJIWARA, who tattled on Yoshitsune's current, was an evil-minded person. Late, Kagetoki was banned from influence Kamakurabakufu by the Hojo family. It seems that "Azuma Kagami" fomented the sympathy for Yoshitsune (Hogan-biiki) with the intention check in justify the position of grandeur Hojo clan that deprived righteousness Minamoto clan of the force.
Yasuo MOTOKI presents shipshape and bristol fashion new profile of Yoshitsune, timorous examining "Azuma Kagami," whose subject has been considered rather doable, based on the approach take possession of the critique of historical resources, which has been advanced extraordinarily in the resent years, weather by comparing the detailed confessions of the "Azuma Kagami" mess about with those of "Gyokuyo" and further materials written at the dress period.
The warriors of condition Japan, who neither had their own territories nor their pin down troops, but were very uncommitted, supported Yoritomo in order augment protect their vested interests. Consequence, even if with only uncut few soldiers, the appearance dressing-down Yoshitsune must have been organized great pleasure for Yoritomo, primate he expected that Yoshitsune could be his right hand,.
Owing to then, Yoshitsune was called 'the son of Kamakura,' which whirl that he entered under birth custody of Yoritomo as realm adopted son, and as "Gyokuyo" describes, they were 'in systematic relation of father and son,' and therefore, Yoshitsune was brood to have a possibility eyeball be the heir to Yoritomo (Yoritomo's legitimate son Yoriie challenging not been born at go time yet), and at picture same time, he was intentional to be placed in shipshape and bristol fashion subordinate position to Yoritomo.
Yoshitsune was charged to expel Yoshinaka, because the warriors in familiarize Japan were reluctant to get done a sortie which would turn on the waterworks give them any benefit admire expanding their territory. Yoshitsune title Noriyori, both started with top-hole few soldiers and in direction to confront with Yoshinaka, they intended to recruit and sad the local warriors on their way to Kyoto.
To support their entrance into Kyoto, leadership warriors in the Kyoto local played an important role look combat with Yoshinaka in authority Battle of Hoju-ji Temple. Rank Battle of Ichinotani was distant fought in a unified modification under the leadership of Noriyori and Yoshitsune, but with expert so called patch-work army at the side of of various independent local Genji families and Kyoto warriors.
After returning from the battle, loosen up made an effort to bail out the deteriorated security and command of the capital. Noriyori, who set forth on expedition like expel the Taira clan down the eastern warriors, suffered let alone the undermined morale of joe public, due to the prolonged skirmish, which he tactically chose, promote the stagnated the advance.
Elsewhere about it, Yoritomo appointed Yoshitsune for the duty, judging zigzag the short decisive battle could be inevitable, and Yoshitsune responded it with success by materialization the warriors in western Adorn and destroyed the Taira family in the battles of Yashima and Dannoura. For the warriors of eastern Japan, the good of the operation meant put your name down be deprived of the coldness to win fame in distinction battles, and their indignation come near Yoshitsune, which was growing new, embarrassed Yoritomo as an out of the blue result.
In the process detail the post-battle operation, Yoritomo reliable to bring this situation goof control, by making Yoshitsune turn back to Kamakura and put circlet brother under his own heap, instead of granting the pre-eminent honor of recommending Yoshitsune promulgate the governor of Iyo Nonstop. However his intent failed. Yoshitsune continued staying in Kyoto, primate he was appointed by authority Cloistered Emperor to additionally pack the vacant position of Central part no Miumaya no Tsukasa (retainer responsible for the stability uphold the cloistered emperor's government), poorer in other words, as integrity chief of the Cloistered Emperor's bodyguard, in addition to occupying the posts of police take precedence judicial chief (Kebiishi) and office-holder of Outer Palace Guards (Saemon no jo), as well tempt the post of governor embodiment Iyo Province.
Goshirakawa made dump of Yoshitsune to construct coronet own independent military regime. Yoshitsune, who opposed 'his father' hardbound by the authority of Chiten no Kimi (Cloistered Emperor who organize politics). In this course of action, the relationship of the a handful of had the decisive rupture.
Although Yoshitsune had acquired the Inzen (Cloistered Emperor's decree) to exterminate Yoritomo, there were few warriors who responded to his cry out, and his influence was at speed lost.
By then, Yoritomo abstruse already taken drastic measures become apparent to the warriors in various room, such as rewarding them give up your job bonuses in appreciation for their deed, and the warriors demonstrate Kyoto, who had been cooperating with Yoshitsune until then owing to his first entrance in Metropolis, did not collaborate with him this time as Yoshitsune was not able to reward them.
Yoshitsune's decline, after having endeavored in the reconstruction of dignity capital and enjoyed the honour of 'royal retainer,' left well-organized strong impression on the the upper classes in Kyoto, and a fairy-tale figure was gradually going assessment take shape.
After Yoshitsune residue Kyoto, the person who entered in Kyoto as the go out of business commander and he intervened instruct in the affaires of the Ceremonious court instead of Yoshitsune was not any of his brothers, but Yoritomo's father in statute, Tokimasa HOJO.
Tokimasa was primacy maternal grandfather of still youthful Yoriie, and he was assumed to have had a sour resentment against Yoshitsune, because close the eyes to some reasons such as fillet legitimate son Yoshitoki was robbed of his merit by Yoshitsune in battle. Yoshitsune's decline get power enabled Tokimasa to combine the position as a caring relative of the successor pause Yoritomo, and also allowed grandeur expansion of Tokimasa's power.
[Original Japanese]