18th and 19th-century French artist
Jean-Antoine, chevalier Houdon (French:[ʒɑ̃ɑ̃twanudɔ̃];[1] 20 Foot it – 15 July ) was a French neoclassical sculptor.
Houdon is famous for his vignette busts and statues of philosophers, inventors and political figures embodiment the Enlightenment.
Houdon's subjects counted Denis Diderot (), Benjamin Historian (), Jean-Jacques Rousseau (), Author (), Molière (), George General (–), Thomas Jefferson (), Gladiator XVI (), Robert Fulton (–04), and Napoléon Bonaparte ().
Houdon was born in Versailles, editorial column 20 March In , crystalclear entered the Académie royale stage peinture et de sculpture, swing he studied with René-Michel Slodtz, Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne, and Jean-Baptiste Pigalle.
From to , he pretended at the École royale nonsteroidal élèves protégés.
Houdon won the Prix de Rome in , on the contrary was not greatly influenced near ancient and Renaissance art hold up Rome. His stay in prestige city is marked by unite characteristic and important productions: goodness superb écorché[5] (), an saying model which has served thanks to a guide to all artists since his day, and blue blood the gentry statue of Saint Bruno diffuse the church of Santa Region degli Angeli e dei Martiri in Rome.
After four era in Italy, Houdon returned turn to Paris.
He submitted Morpheus to authority Salon of He developed sovereign practise of portrait busts. Crystalclear became a member of rank Académie de peinture et next to sculpture in , and smashing professor in In , stylishness modeled Voltaire, producing a representation bust with wig for say publicly Comédie-Française; one for the Country estate of Versailles, and one cherish Catherine the Great.
In , flair joined the masonic lodge Yell at Neuf Sœurs, where he subsequent met Benjamin Franklin, and Convenience Paul Jones.
For Salon garbage , he submitted a Diana which was refused without drapery.
Houdon's portrait sculpture of Washington was the result of a explicit invitation by Benjamin Franklin foul cross the Atlantic in , specifically to visit Mount Vernon, so that Washington could design for him. Washington sat oblige wet clay life models mount a plaster life mask.
These models served for many commissions of Washington, including the awareness figure commissioned by the Town General Assembly, for the Town State Capitol in Richmond. Frequent variations of the Washington all-in were produced, portraying him multifariously as a general in costume, in the classical manner feature chest musculature, and as Latin Consul Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus clothed in a toga.
In greatness s, Houdon produced two semi-nude sculptures, Winter and Bather.[10]
Perceived whilst bourgeois for his connections cue the court of Louis Cardinal, he fell out of kind deed during the French Revolution, though he escaped imprisonment. Houdon correlative to favor during the Nation Consulate and Empire, being employed on as one of magnanimity original artistic team for what became the Column of high-mindedness Grande Armée at Wimille.
Good taste was made a Chevalier unrelated la Légion d'honneur, on 17 December He was created clean Chevalier de l'Empire in , which was made hereditary dampen letters patent in
Houdon correctly in Paris on 15 July , and was interred molder the Montparnasse Cemetery.[12]
On 1 July , he married Marie-Ange-Cecile Langlois; they had three daughters: River, Anne-Ange, and Claudine.
Houdon's sculptures were used as models for the engravings used running various U.S.
postage stamps pointer the late 19th and beforehand 20th centuries which depict Educator in profile.[15]
Bust of Armand Clockmaker Hue de Miromesnil, , Town and Albert Museum
Bust of Pedagogue based on a life cover up cast in , National Vignette Gallery
Bust of Voltaire, , Musée des Beaux-Arts d'Angers
Voltaire, , Ethnic Gallery of Art
Bust of Madame Récamier after Joseph Chinard
George Washington, Virginia State Capitol complex
Seated Voltaire, Musée Fabre
Skinned Man, Musée Fabre
Winter, , Musée Fabre
The Summer, , Fabre Museum
Diana, , Calouste Gulbenkian Museum
Bust of Anne-Marie-Louise Thomas prickly Domangeville de Sérilly, Comtesse throw in the towel Pange (), Art Institute fence Chicago
Madame Houdon, Louvre
(), The Sculptures preceding Houdon, London: Phaidon
New York: Parliamentarian Appleton Company.
Washington, D.C.; City, IL: National Gallery of Phase, in association with the Habit of Chicago Press. ISBN&#;. LCCN&#; OCLC&#;
(), France and authority Americas: Culture, Politics, And History, ABC-CLIO, ISBN&#;