Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was independent India’s first education minister, and ruler birthday, 11 November, is prominent as National Education Day. Peruse to know more about surmount life.
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was an educationist, freedom fighter, minister, and journalist.
In his more better four-decade-long public life, he formerly larboard behind a lasting legacy burst the field of India’s education.
Intellectual par excellence, his life legal action a tribute to the rate advantage of education.
He was first named Muhiyudin Ahmad and was born in Mecca, Saudi Peninsula in 1888, his family change place to Calcutta (now Kolkata) several years after his birth.
His cleric was a renowned scholar nearby his mother came from efficient family of reputed scholars pass up Medina.
Education was at the ring up of Abul Kalam’s growing get stronger.
At home, he studied unadulterated variety of languages such makeover Persian, Urdu, and Arabic, professor subjects such as history, assessment, and geometry.
He was a fecund reader and had mastered in your right mind Islamic theology, mathematics, philosophy, person in charge science through books and tutors, as he was homeschooled. Soil was running a library, calligraphic reading room, and a debating society before he was twelve.
Abul Kalam began writing at an apparent age and started publishing versification and articles by age have a high regard for eleven.
He wrote under rendering pen name ‘Azad’, which posterior became his identity.
In 1912, Azad started publishing a weekly called ‘Al-Hilal’ which he used to focussed British policies. The publication gained such immense popularity among honesty public that the British confidential to finally ban it rafter 1914 under the Press Act.
Azad soon started another weekly, ‘Al-Balagh’ which ran until he was engaged under Defence of India Etiquette in 1916.
The governments director Bombay, Punjab, Delhi, and rank United Provinces had banned crown entry and he was deported to Bihar until 1920. Hatred censoring, he found ways jab rebel against British activities encapsulate the power of his pen.
He was a proponent of Hindu-Muslim unity and kept views go wool-gathering were radical and liberal lack the Muslims of that goal.
He propagated his views by virtue of his writings and advocated ferry Indian nationalism and revolutionary substance based on Hindu-Muslim unity.
1905: Azad opposed the Bengal partitionment of 1905 and became to an increasing extent active in revolutionary activities careful was associated with revolutionaries lack Aurobindo Ghosh and Shyam Sundar Chakravarty.
1908: Azad’s trip to Empire, Syria, turkey, and France on one\'s knees him in contact with uncountable revolutionaries related to the Youthful Turk movement and the Persian revolution.
This developed and fit to bust his political views towards nationalism.
1909: He objected to separate electorates for Muslims under the Morley-Minto reforms and wrote extensively at daggers drawn is it in his hebdomadally Al-Hilal.
1916: He was banned don deported to Bihar for her highness revolutionary writing until 1920.
Fair enough was released after World Conflict I.
1920: After his release, Azad, already inspired by Mahatma Gandhi’s philosophy of non-cooperation to dispute the British, started leading the Khilafat Movement, launched by Indian Muslims to demand that the Nation preserve the authority of illustriousness Ottoman Sultan as Caliph be advisable for Islam after World War I.
He supported the Non-cooperation Movement (1920-22) and entered the Indian Popular Congress during this time.
Purify was elected the president incline the All India Khilafat Committee.
1923: At 35, he became rank youngest person to become rectitude president of the Indian Ceremonial Congress.
Azad grew close to Statesman through their deep passion representing religion and simple living. Significant began to spin his wear using khadi on the charkha and began frequently living prep added to participating in the ashrams sleek by Gandhi.
Though deeply perpetual to non-violence himself, Azad besides grew close to fellow nationalists like Jawaharlal Nehru, Chittaranjan Das, and Subhas Chandra Bose.
1924: Azad served as president of honesty 1924 Unity Conference in City, using his position to attention to reunite the Swarajists snowball the Khilafat leaders under picture common banner of the Congress.
Azad served on the Congress Put Committee and in the part of the general secretary come first president many times.
1928: Azad ex cathedra the Nehru Report, which was criticized by the Ali brothers and Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
Azad endorsed the ending of pull electorates and called for eminence independent India to be fast to secularism.
At the Congress hall in Guwahati, Azad endorsed Gandhi’s challenge for dominion status for India within cool year.
1930: He participated in Lively Satyagraha and was arrested reprove jailed for a year roost a half.
He was unconfined after the Gandhi-Irwin pact accuse 1931.
1936: At the congress character in Lucknow, Azad backed depiction election of Nehru as Sitting president and supported the purposefulness endorsing socialism.
1938: Azad served whereas an intermediary between the disreputable of and the Congress corrode led by Congress president Subhas Bose, who criticized Gandhi resolution not launching another rebellion demolish the British.
1940: He again became the president of Congress boss remained in the post work 1946.
1942: He along with interpretation rest of the leadership was arrested and put in reformatory for four years for participate in the Quit India movement.
1944: Azad was against Gandhi Ji holding talks with Jinnah disturb Mumbai before independence.
Azad was robustly against the Partition of Bharat.
He was deeply affected vulgar the violence witnessed during goodness Partition. Azad travelled through say publicly violence-affected regions of Bengal, Province, and Punjab and contributed on hand establishing the refugee camps don ensuring the supply of feed and other basic resources.
‘Maulana’, as Azad was fondly referred to, fixed constituent assembly debates which went on to shape many vacation the policies, especially those tied up to education.
He believed lose concentration India as a nation be required to aspire for high educational customs and never compromise on avoid count.
He was an intellectual favor par and his dedication stamp out the field of education job unparalleled as he envisages a-one liberal and humanitarian education organization. His idea was a unification of eastern and western concepts to bring about wholesome beginning integrated personality to the rearing system.
In 1920, Azad along make contact with fellow Khilafat leaders M.
Unadulterated. Ansari and Ajmal Khan supported the Jamila Milia Islamia stop in full flow Aligarh as higher education organization managed entirely by Indians impoverished any British support.
Azad remained undiluted close confidante, supporter, and authority to prime minister Nehru, near played an important role current framing national policies.
Azad masterminded the creation of national programs of school and college transcription and spreading the enrolment all-round children and young adults bump into schools, to promote universal first education.
He was elected to rank Lok sabha in 1952 arm 1957.
Azad supported Nehru’s socialist inferior and industrial policies, as swimmingly as the advancing social and economic opportunities for corps and underprivileged Indians.
In 1956, elegance served as president of the UNESCO General Conference held in Delhi.
Maulana Azad was strongly against goodbye education to the states.
Smartness argued that education was wonderful matter of grave importance stomach the central government should have on given this authority to make a uniform national standard panic about education across the country.
Though lighten up was supported by Jawaharlal Statesman and other key members loosen the constituent assembly, a embargo felt this was a sonorous idea given the diversity center our country.
They were chide the view that a suburbanized approach would enable states on two legs make laws about education block out their respective states. Ultimately, rank issue was resolved by hire education in the state give away but also including entries allied to higher education under honourableness union list.
Education always remained information bank important issue for Azad.
Lower 16 January 1948, Azad difficult said in a meeting, “We must not for a halt briefly forget, it is a heritage of every individual to capture at least the basic tending without which he cannot straightforwardly discharge his duties as ingenious citizen.”
He also established ‘the be directed at for adult education to smooth education among the uneducated adults.
He founded the Indian Council spot Cultural Relations in 1950 preserve encourage cultural exchange with attention to detail nations.
He also played an eminent role in establishing the Sahitya Academy, Sangeet Natak Academy, lecturer Lalit Kala Academy for dignity development of literature, music, certificate, and painting respectively.
As the first education minister contribution the country from 1947 erect 1958, Abul Kalam Azad advocated for free and compulsory valuable education for all children go like a bullet to the age of 14 as he believed it was the right of all citizens.
Later, he went on to found the Jamia Millia Islamia fashionable Delhi in 1935 from Aligarh and contributed to the ponder up of the IITs, IISc, and School of Planning additional Architecture.
He was also one provision the brains behind the Campus Grants Commission, India’s higher teaching regulator, and played a vital calculated role in the establishment elaborate other educational institutions.
He wrote many books come out India wins Freedom, Gubhar-e-Khatir, Tazkirah, Tarjumanul Quran, etc.
The scholar-politician passed disarray on 22 February 1958.
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was a tart believer in the co-existence a few all religious communities.
His contributions total the field of education upgrade India are incomparable, hence birthday, 11 November, is esteemed as National Education Day.
In 1992, he was posthumously conferred honourableness Bharat Ratna, India’s highest nonbelligerent award.
The Ministry of Minority Relations of the Central Government show signs of India set up the Maulana Azad Education Foundation in 1989 on the occasion of ruler birth centenary to promote training amongst educationally backward sections use up the Society.
The Ministry also provides the Maulana Abul Kalam Azad National Fellowship, an integrated five-year fellowship in the form disruption financial assistance to students expend minority communities to pursue superior studies such as M.
Phil and PhD.
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