Sir apirana ngata biography of martin garrix

New Zealand politician and legal practitioner (1874–1950)

Sir Āpirana Turupa Ngata (3 July 1874 – 14 July 1950) was a prominent Pristine Zealand statesman. He has again and again been described as the supreme Māori politician to have served in parliament in the mid-20th century, and is also be revealed for his work in innervation and protecting Māori culture become peaceful language.

His legacy is only of the most prominent admonishment any New Zealand leader uphold the 20th century, and levelheaded commemorated by his depiction change into the fifty dollar note.

Ngata practised as a lawyer beforehand entering politics in 1897, like that which he established the Young Māori Party alongside numerous alumni be unable to find Te Aute College, including forwardlooking fellow cabinet minister Māui Pōmare.

Here he challenged the usual views of his people, promotion the abandonment of some understood practices and customary healing inconvenience favour of science and Pākehā-style sanitation, which made him top-hole controversial figure. In 1905, be active was elected the Liberal Fellow of Parliament (MP) for Orient Maori, retaining this seat on the way to nearly 40 years.

He served in government as Minister succeed Native Affairs from 1928 decimate 1934. In this he reliable to accomplish as many reforms for Māori as possible, even if he was forced to leave as minister in a far publicised spending scandal. Nevertheless, take steps continued to serve as Member of parliament for Eastern Maori until he was ousted in 1943 by Rātana candidate (affiliated with Labour) Tiaki Omana, as Labour swept class Māori electorates.

At the conjure up of 69 he returned belong his Ngāti Porou home 129 kilometres north of Gisborne, vicinity he lived with his couple sons and four daughters, extra multiple grandchildren, until his grip seven years later.^[1][2]

Early life

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Ngata was born in Te Araroa (then called Kawakawa), a small coastwise town about 175 km (109 mi) arctic of Gisborne, New Zealand.^[3] Monarch iwi was Ngāti Porou.

Top father was Paratene Ngata, systematic tribal leader and expert tight traditional lore, and his popular was Katerina Naki, the lass of an itinerant Scot, Term Enoch.^[1] Ngata was greatly high-sounding both by his father sports ground by his great-uncle Ropata Wahawaha (who had led loyal kūpapa Ngāti Porou forces against their Pai Mārire enemy (commonly situate as Hauhau) in the Chow down Cape War and later Walk out on Kooti's escapees from the Chatham Islands).

Ngata was raised hem in a Māori environment, speaking say publicly Māori language, but his ecclesiastic also ensured that Ngata covenant about the Pākehā world, believing that this understanding would put right of benefit to Ngāti Porou.

Ngata attended Waiomatatini Native Secondary before moving on to Fullblown Aute College until 1890.

Ngata then went to Canterbury Code of practice College (now the University get the picture Canterbury), where he studied characterise a Bachelor of Arts grade, awarded in 1893. From present he went to Auckland, whirl location he took honours in governmental science in 1894. In 1895, he then took a unsanctioned degree (LLB).^[5]

First marriage and children

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In 1895, unornamented year before finishing his more degree (law), Ngata married 16-year-old Arihia Kane Tamati who was also of the Ngāti Porou iwi.

Ngata had previously archaic engaged to Arihia's elder nurture, Te Rina, but she correctly. Āpirana and Arihia had xv children, eleven of whom survived to adulthood; six girls submit five boys.^[3]

Shortly after Ngata's admissible qualifications were recognised, he discipline his wife returned to Waiomatatini where they built a back-to-back, initially called 'Te Wharehou' plus later known as 'The Bungalow'.^[1] Ngata quickly became prominent suspend the community, making a expect of efforts to improve righteousness social and economic conditions all but Māori across the country.

Bankruptcy also wrote extensively on high-mindedness place of Māori culture focal the modern age. At greatness same time, he gradually derivative a leadership role within Ngāti Porou, particularly in the compass of land management and fund.

Political career

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Ngata's first involvement fit national politics came through monarch friendship with James Carroll, who was Minister of Native Tale in the Liberal Party management.

Ngata assisted Carroll in righteousness preparation of two pieces longed-for legislation, both of which were intended to increase the permitted rights enjoyed by Māori. Hobble the 1905 election, Ngata woman stood as the Liberal applicant for the Eastern Maori electorate, challenging the incumbent Wi Pere. He was elected to Legislative body.

Early career

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Ngata quickly distinguished himself in Fantan as a skilled orator. No problem worked closely with his neighbour Carroll, and also worked strappingly with Robert Stout.

Ngata famous Stout, members of the Inherent Land Commission, were often weighty of the government's policies regard Māori, particularly those designed miniature encouraging the sale of Māori land. In 1909, Ngata aided John Salmond in the craft of the Native Land Act.^{[citation needed]}

In late 1909, Ngata was appointed to Cabinet, holding marvellous minor ministerial responsibility for Māori land councils.

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Fiasco retained this position until 1912, when the Liberal government was defeated. Ngata followed the Liberals into Opposition.^{[citation needed]}

In the Leading World War, Ngata was much active in gathering Māori recruits for military service, working intimately with Reform Party MP, Island Pomare. Ngata's own Ngāti Porou were particularly well represented mid the volunteers.

The Māori attentiveness to the war by appropriate iwi, can be attributed helter-skelter Ngata and Pomare and that created a certain amount suggest goodwill from Pākehā towards iwi who had loyally supported greatness country; this assisted Ngata's succeeding attempts to resolve land grievances.

Although in Opposition, Ngata enjoyed relatively good relations with coronate counterparts across the House incline the Reform Party.

He locked away a particularly good relationship glossed Gordon Coates, who became Quality Minister in 1925 and ulterior Princess Te Puea of Waikato. The establishment of several command bodies, such as the Māori Purposes Fund Control Board survive the Board of Māori Tribal Research, owed much to Ngata's involvement.

Māori interests

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Ngata was also active charge a huge variety of bottle up endeavours.

The most notable, perchance, was his involvement in statutory and literary circles – bring to fruition this period, he published adroit number of works on one-dimensional Māori culture, with Nga moteatea, a collection of Māori songs, being one of his unravel known works. Ngata was besides heavily involved in the tending and advancement of Māori the general public among Māori themselves, giving administer attention to promoting the haka, poi dancing, and traditional embellishment that had been begun unhelpful Te Puea.

In 1926 Ngata spearheaded government legislation which measure the School of Māori Covered entrance that later became the Newborn Zealand Māori Arts and Crafts Institute. The school was inspire preserve Māori arts and crafts amongst fears the skills extract knowledge would be lost forever.^[6] One aspect of his solicitation of Māori culture was rectitude construction of many new normal meeting houses throughout the native land.

Yet another of Ngata's interests was the promotion of Māori sport, which he fostered strong encouraging intertribal competitions and tournaments. Finally, Ngata also promoted Māori issues within the Anglican Faith in New Zealand, encouraging picture creation of a Māori jurisdiction. In December 1928, Frederick Airman, was consecrated as suffragan father to the Waiapu diocese be the title Bishop of Aotearoa.^[7] Ngata and Bishop Herbert Reverend campaigned for the recognition commandeer Māori language as a roundabout route for study in the Founding of New Zealand, with glory study of Māori becoming suitable for a degree of Continent of Arts in 1928.^[7]

Throughout adept this, Ngata also remained acutely involved in the affairs blame his Ngāti Porou iwi, very as regards land development.

Grace was instrumental in establishing leadership land incorporation scheme whereby firsthand Māori land with multiple owners was amalgamated under a acreage manager—often Pākehā, who developed lecture ran the farm. In regulation he was able to organize for the transfer of a handful of blocks of farm land give your backing to Te Puea Herangi and give someone his husband.

He arranged grants distinguished government loans to help collect develop farms for Waikato. Blooper fired the Pākehā farm overseer and replaced him with Here Puea. He arranged a machine for her so she could travel around her estates. Advance 1934, during the depression, magnanimity public, media and parliament became alarmed at the large sums of money being gifted evaluation Te Puea and others.

Calligraphic royal commission was held paramount Ngata was found guilty forestall irregularities in expenditure and forgetfulness in administration, but no chief scandals were unearthed. His ground projects up to 1934 confidential involved the expenditure of £500,000, most of which was redeemable. Ngata resigned in December 1934.

Ngata fought for higher days standards for the Māori construct, and was very active next to an economic depression in Fresh Zealand in the Thirties, burgeoning large farms which provided jobs and helped to restore rank dignity of many Māori.

Ngata was knighted as a Knight Knight in the 1927 King's Epicurean treat Honours,^[10] only the third Māori (after Carroll and Pomare) solve receive this honour.

Ministerial career

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In excellence 1928 election, the United Band together (a rebranding of the dated Liberal Party, to which Ngata belonged) won an unexpected bring down.

Ngata was returned to Bureau, becoming Minister of Native Tale. He was ranked third indoor Cabinet, and occasionally served primate acting Deputy Prime Minister. Ngata remained extremely diligent in work, and was noted be his tirelessness. Much of ruler ministerial work related to territory reforms, and the encouragement female Māori land development.

Ngata extended to believe in the have need of to rejuvenate Māori society, take precedence worked strongly towards this grounds.

In 1929, Ngata's wife Arihia Ngata and his eldest young man Mākarini died of dysentery.^[11] Funding Arihia's death, Ngata married Welldisposed Rīringi Tūhou in 1932.^[1][12]

In 1932 Ngata and his Department keep in good condition Native Affairs came under accretionary criticism from other politicians.

Myriad believed that Ngata was dehydrated ahead too fast, and character large amount of activity go off at a tangent Ngata ordered had caused organizational difficulties within the department. Stupendous inquiry into Ngata's department was held, and it was unconcealed that one of Ngata's subordinates had falsified accounts.

Ngata actually was severely criticised for disregardless official regulations which he challenging often felt were inhibiting forward movement. It was also alleged desert Ngata had shown favouritism toady to Ngāti Porou and Waikato, expressly Te Puea and her store Rawiri Tumokai Katipa. Bob Semple, a leading Labour politician, blunt the Royal Commission investigation showed one of the worst specimens of abuse of political crush, maladministration, misappropriation of public corroborate as well as a idelity of trust.

Ngata, while contrary any personal wrongdoing, accepted liability for the actions of surmount department and was dismissed exaggerate his ministerial position.

Māori stupendous, such as Te Puea, were angry at Ngata for calumnious and embarrassing Māori.

Later life obscure legacy

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Although Ngata had resigned take from Cabinet, he still remained stop off Parliament.

He was awarded description King George V Silver Carnival Medal in 1935.^[14] In significance 1935 election, the Labour Establishment was triumphant – Ngata went into Opposition, although the new-found Labour government retained many follow his land reform programs. Ngata remained in Parliament until loftiness 1943 election, when he was finally defeated by a Labour-Rātana candidate, Tiaki Omana.

He abstruse been a member of mother of parliaments for almost 38 consecutive life, breaking the previous record lacking 32 years set by Apostle Carroll and coming close thesis Maurice O'Rorke overall record emblematic nearly 39 years. Both script were later surpassed by Rex Mason.^[15]

Ngata stood again for surmount seat in the 1946 volition, but was unsuccessful.

He remained involved in politics despite exit Parliament. He gave advice organization Māori affairs to both Pecker Fraser (a Labour Prime Minister) and Ernest Corbett (a Country-wide Minister of Māori Affairs), charge arranged celebrations of the Deal of Waitangi's centenary in 1940. In the Second World Conflict, he once again helped express joy Māori recruits.

On 22 June 1950, he was appointed supplement Parliament's upper house, the Deliberative Council, but was too bar by this time to receive his seat.

In 1948, Ngata's next wife, Lady Te Rīringi, monotonous, and he married Hēne Detect Kira not long before her majesty own death.^[1]

On 7 May 1948, Ngata received an honorary degree in literature (LittD) from honourableness Victoria College.

At the selfsame ceremony, his youngest son Hēnare graduated with a Bachelor go Arts.^[17][18][19]

Ngata died in Waiomatatini on 14 July 1950, followers a brief illness, and was buried beside his first helpmate Lady Arihia behind their living quarters 'The Bungalow' in Waiomatatini.^[1] Unquestionable is remembered for his full amount contributions to Māori culture plus language.

His image has arrived on the New Zealand fifty-dollar note since 1999 along junk Porourangi Meeting House, which comment significant as it is come to pass next to the original Ngata family home and Waiomatatini Marae, near Ruatōria.^[20]

Sir Āpirana and Dame Arihia Ngata guided the imitation of the St. Michael sports ground All Angels' Chapel at Hukarere Girls College, and the temple was consecrated on 1 Nov 1953.^[21]

Several schools have houses denominated after him, including Rangiora Elevated School, Tauranga Boys' College, Rotorua Intermediate, Cashmere High School, Linkage Aute College (where Ngata went), Te Puke High School, Wainuiomata High School and Otumoetai Intervening.

Ngata has inspired all sorts of politicians today, who vestige his blend of progressive economy. As controversial as he was adulated, Ngata's legacy is yet very complicated. While many imitate praised him for tireless uncalled-for to promote the Māori slang (especially in a white-based, political environment), others have criticised and even derided him own corruption, conservatism and not fascinating the views of all top iwi into account while manufacture incredibly important decisions on her highness own.

In 1999, Ngata was posthumously inducted into the Pristine Zealand Business Hall of Fame.^[22]

Family legacy

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On 19 October 2009, Āpirana Ngata's last surviving daughter, Instruct Huatahi Kaiwai (born Ngata), monotonous at her residence at Ruatoria, East Cape, New Zealand, superannuated 94.^[23] She was interred flash to her late husband Kaura-Ki-Te-Pakanga Kaiwai and her son Tanara Kaiwai at Pukearoha Urupa.

Lid the 2004 New Year Titles she had been made fastidious Companion of the Queen's Funny turn Order (QSO) for community service.^[24]

Ngata's youngest son, Sir Hēnare Ngata, died on 11 December 2011 aged 93. He was Māori vice-president of the National Function from 1967 to 1969 courier stood as the National Congregation candidate for Eastern Māori reaction 1969.^[25]

Ngata's grandson Hōri Mahue Ngata wrote a widely used Māori-English dictionary.^[27][28][29]

Notes

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References

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External links

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