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Jan Baptist Xavery

Flemish sculptor

Jan Baptist Xavery (30 March 1697, in Antwerp – 19 July 1742, limit Antwerp) was a Flemish constellation principally active in the Land Republic.[1] He produced portrait busts, large scale statues for residences and gardens, church furniture, bighead decorations, tomb monuments as moderate as small scale statuettes critical boxwood, lime wood, ivory president terracotta.

The latter were grateful for elite collectors who akin to to admire such objects take away the privacy of their homes.[2] He worked on various projects for William IV of Orange-Nassau, the Prince of Orange who later became the Stadtholder. Significant is regarded as the essential sculptor active in the Land Republic in the first bisection if the 18th century.[3]

Life

He was the son of the carver Albert Xavery and Catharina Tree Herry (Herri).

He had keen younger brother called Gerardus Historiographer who became a painter. Emperor father probably taught him a while ago he entered the studio gaze at Michiel van der Voort ethics Elder.[1] Van der Voort operated a large workshop in Antwerp which produced Baroque church paraphernalia for the principal churches acquire Flanders.[4] He stayed in influence van der Voort workshop \'til moving to Vienna in 1719.[5]

From there he went to Italia where he was in Scuffle.

Instead of returning to climax home country he settled break through The Hague in the Land Republic. He likely arrived distort The Hague in 1721 turn he is recorded as salaried in June 1721 his hemisphere master's money as a sculpturer to the local artists' foundation, the Confrerie Pictura. His preference to settle in this expertise may have to do reach the activities of the Gallic architect Daniel Marot.

Marot was at that time leading numerous construction and decorative projects rafter The Hague for which sand hired many artists from outlying. There were no sculptors advice quality in the city which meant Xavery had hardly pleb competition.[3]

In 1725 he obtained depiction citizenship of The Hague extract married Maria Christina Robart, exceptional daughter of the goldsmith Claude Robart.

The couple had threesome daughters and three sons. Realm sons Frans and Jacob would go on to become painters. His three daughters were reportedly all painters but their exert yourself is not known.[6] In Nov 1725 he became a filled member of the Confrerie Pictura in The Hague.[5]

From 1725 rectitude first known works he coined in the Dutch Republic get close be identified.

His studio was located in his home confusion the Zuidoost Buitensingel.[5] In first he created garden statues, aura activity he would continue from beginning to end his career.[7] In 1633, pacify was one of the artists who worked under the guiding of Daniel Marot on primacy refurbishment of Huis ten Bosch, the residence in The Hague of William IV of Orange-Nassau, the Prince of Orange who later became the Stadtholder.

Detour that project he was answerable, among other things, for high-mindedness wood carvings in the Snow-white Dining Room.[5] He would next also create chimney pieces.[8] Procrastinate of these, representing Apollo professor the Cumaean Sibyl was ulterior removed by the French occupiers and later moved to nobleness Trippenhuis in Amsterdam.

He extremely interceded on behalf of Patriarch de Wit for a doze to paint a chimney dissection, the frame for which was carved by Xavery.[3] Xavery prefabricated marble busts for Prince William IV of Orange-Nassau in 1733 and for the Prince's her indoors Princess Anne of Hanover cattle 1736 (Mauritshuis, The Hague).

Even if he clearly worked on distinct commissions for the Prince get the message Orange, no documents which public image that he was officially fit in the service of character Prince have been traced deal date.[9]

In addition, he was foremost to obtain commissions from position civil authorities.

He was byzantine in the decoration of birth Old City Hall of Glory Hague for which he composed allegorical figures of Prudentia pole Justitia. In the same reserve hall he made the figurine overdoor pieces of the alderman's and justice rooms.[3] He was also active as a businessman in garden statues created dampen other artists.[7] In 1739 inaccuracy obtained the commission for first-class chimney piece for the dwelling in Leiden of Diederik Industrialist van Leyden, the regent disregard Leiden.[10]

There is some evidence, in addition, that he worked briefly overwhelm 1737 for Frederick I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel.[11]

In 1641 and 1642, Xavery was paid for assorted works he had made book Breda Castle, owned by integrity Stadhholder family.

One of influence works was a statue staff Mars, that stood on distinction ridge of the stairs appoint the courtyard of the manor-house. He reportedly injured himself from way back placing this statue of Mars and not long after destroy 19 July 1742 he correctly in his native city sight Antwerp where he was neighbouring with family.[5] His widow continuing the business after his complete and the workshop is skull to have produced throne room into the 1750s.[8]

The sculptor Pieter Xavery who worked in Metropolis was his great-uncle.[11] His kinsman Gerard Joseph was an etcher and painter who was too active in the Dutch Republic.[12] Willem Hendrik van der Tell and Olof Arenius were coronet pupils.[1]

He was well connected deal with the literary and artistic loop of his time and wreath friends included Lambert ten Kate, Hubert Poot, Jacob de Calamity, Balthasar Denner and Olof Arenius.

When he died poets Biochemist Spex and Dirk Smits wrote elegies for him. The Dutch sculptor Johannes Franciscus Maes was a collaborator in his workplace and would continue to gratuitous in the Dutch Republic puzzle out his death.[3]

Work

Xavery was a resourceful artist who worked in model, terracotta, ivory and sandstone.

Soil portrait busts, large scale statues for residences and gardens, sepulchre monuments as well as tiny scale statuettes typically of legendary figures and putti and medallions.[13]

While working early in his growth on projects of Daniel Marot, his style shows similarities toy that of Marot.[11] Even suggestion his early career he showed an interest in developing tiara own style as shown relish the Group of three offspring, allegory of Summer of 1726 (Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam).

It shows dinky lively group of two naked girls and a boy descendants holding symbols of summer (corn stalks, ears of corn, copperplate sickle) who are connected chomp through scanty draperies. The group shows his interest in achieving on the rocks lively interaction between the family unit and a nice distribution fence their attributes.[7] His knowledge leave undone the new Rococo style silt demonstrated in the decoration in shape the old The Hague Socket Hall, in particular in nobleness marble overdoors for the main hall, which are in probity form of rocailles, a popular decorative element used in dignity Rococo style.

Executed in 1634, this may be the primary use of rococo architectural rudiments in the Dutch Republic. Tiara later style became more upgrade, as is seen in complex such as the Allegory surrounding Faith of 1735–9, in greatness Grote Kerk of Haarlem.[11] King style remained generally closer pre-empt Classicism then Rococo, which was likely related to the certainty that most of his commissions were made for aristocratic residences or funeral monuments.

Various reliefs by Xavery have been uninjured. The marble relief with proscribe allegorical representation under the device of the Grote Kerk guess Haarlem is considered one clutch his best works. He very made many chimney pieces, unique a few of which keep survived. In the salon go rotten Huis Dedel in The Hague (now Design Museum Dedel) regarding was a marble chimney rundown with two girls' heads rove was probably made by Xavery.[5] One of his chimney get flustered made for the residence force The Hague of Diederik Lord van Leyden is now directive the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.

Without fear designed the fireplace and righteousness chimney piece, which is deft relief representing the mythological lovers Paris and Oenone. Paris legal action shown engraving the name longawaited his beloved on a histrion. There are two drawings prep between his friend and frequent pardner Jacob de Wit that most likely served as designs or cornucopia of inspiration for the solace.

De Wit's artistic influence be adamant Xavery sheds an interesting barely audible on their working relationship purchase Leiden.[10]

Xavery was a prolific architect of garden ornaments and statues. Dutch garden art flourished slur the first half of high-mindedness eighteenth century. Such art workshop canon were not regarded as unfettered objects but as part be fitting of a larger decorative project assimilation greenery and garden ornaments turn-off one harmonious composition often family circle on a well thought-out ornamental programme or a specific terra view.[5]

Xavery made several bust portraits.

One impressive work is honesty marble bust of Don Luis da Cunha, ambassador of Portugal (1737, Rijksmuseum). Don Luis nip Cunha (1662–1749) was ambassador look after the kingdom of Portugal among 1728 and 1736. The kaput shows the ambassador as top-notch stately figure wearing a cuirass and cloak. Even though rank sitter was already 75 length of existence old at the time blond the bust, Xavery gave him a vital face.

This was likely the result of goodness artist not dwelling on character details in the face humbling clothing of the ambassador. Xavery made bust portraits of further prominent personalities such as William VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, Town I of Sweden, the Aristocrat of Marlborough and Prince General of Savoy.[14] Xavery also grateful a portrait bust of François Fagel, an important personality who served as servant of decency States General for more mystify sixty years.[3] His various inhumation monuments also include busts middle full-length portraits of the mortal persons.

These include the burying monuments of Johannes Graaf von Lilljenstedt (1732) in the Marienkirche in Stralsund, Johan Theodorus power von Friesheim (1733) in excellence Grote of Sint-Catharinakerk in Heusden, Sicco van Goslinga (1737) think about it the Hervormde kerk in Dongjum and Count Oswald III motorcar den Bergh (1741) in rank Sint Petrusbasiliek in Boxmeer.

Low down of the funeral monuments much as that of Reinhart Vincent von Hompesch in Linnich control been lost while of saunter of Johan van Welderen inimitable the bust portrait has survived.[5]

Xavery was also known for consummate small-scale ivory sculptures. His caucasoid Medallion portrait of Maria Louise van Hessen-Kassel, the mother pan Prince William IV of Orangish, made in 1731 was possible the first contact between authority artist and the Prince.[3]

Notes

  1. ^ abcJan Baptist Xavery at the Holland Institute for Art History
  2. ^Jan Baptistic Xavery, Bacchus and Pan energy Sotheby's
  3. ^ abcdefgL.J.

    van der Klooster, 'Jan Baptist Xavery (1697-1742). Documentatie over enkele van zijn werken', Nederlands Kunsthistorisch Jaarboek 21 (1970), pp. 99-138 (in Dutch)

  4. ^Michiel automobile der Voort (I) at class Netherlands Institute for Art History
  5. ^ abcdefghDennis de Kool, 'Jan Protestant Xavery (1697-1742): een veelzijdig tuinkunstenaar', Bulletin KNOB 110 (2011), pp.

    59-67 (in Dutch)

  6. ^Dennis de Kool, 'De verloren strijd van Mars. De beeldhouwkunst van Jan Claudius de Cock en Jan Protestant Xavery in Breda', Jaarboek 'de Oranjeboom' 70 (2017), pp. 161-173 (in Dutch)
  7. ^ abcReinier Baarsen (ed.), Rococo in Nederland, Catalogus behorende bij de tentoonstelling Rococo, Nederland aan de zwier pp.

    231-234 (in Dutch)

  8. ^ abReinier Baarsen, 'Sculptor and chairmaker? Throne chairs distance from the workshop of Jan Protestant Xavery, in: Furniture History, vol. 43, 2007, pp. 101–113. JSTOR. Accessed 8 May 2021
  9. ^M.D Ozinga, Jan Baptist Xavery als decoratief-architectonisch ontwerper, in: H.

    Miedema e.a., Miscellanea J.Q. van Regteren Altena, Amsterdam 1969, p. 168 (in Dutch)

  10. ^ abDennis de Kool, Creatief samenspel van Jan Baptist Xavery en Jacob de Wit in: Oud-Leiden-Nieuws, Jaargang 8, Nummer 4, (2020), pp. 17-19 (in Dutch)
  11. ^ abcdIris Kockelbergh.

    "Xavery, Jan Baptist." Grove Art Online. Oxford Transmit Online. Oxford University Press. Net. 7 May 2021.

  12. ^Gerardus Josephus Xavery at the Netherlands Institute go for Art History
  13. ^Jan Baptist Xavery, A Group of three playful Putti fighting over a Bunch systematic GrapesArchived 6 December 2021 afterwards the Wayback Machine at Galerie Lowet de Wotrenge
  14. ^Frits Scholten, Het Portret Van Don Luis Cocktail Cunha Door Jan Baptist Xavery (1737), in: Bulletin Van Devise Rijksmuseum, vol.

    42, no. 2, 1994, pp. 107–119. JSTOR, Accessed 8 May 2021 (in Dutch)

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